The Importance Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology In Thyroid Gland Diseases And Its Accuracy And Reliability In The Diagnosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v27i2.103Keywords:
.Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid nodules are common in clinical practice, with a prevalence of 4% to 7% among adults. Although less than 5% of these nodules are malignant, the challenge lies in accurately distinguishing benign from malignant lesions to prevent unnecessary surgical interventions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as a primary diagnostic tool due to its accuracy and cost-effectiveness, particularly when combined with ultrasound guidance.
Aim And Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of FNAC in diagnosing thyroid gland diseases, focusing on its accuracy and reliability in preoperative assessments to avoid unnecessary surgeries.
Materials And Method: A retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients with thyroid nodules, whose FNAC results were verified by microscopic examination. Data were collected from the pathology department at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. FNAC was performed using a 22 to 27-gauge needle, and the slides were stained with May-Grunewald Giemsa (MGG).
Results: Among the 60 cases, 33.3% were diagnosed as benign, while malignant cases constituted 20%. The study found a true positive rate of 83.9% for benign cases. Notably, several cases categorized as suspicious for malignancy were confirmed as malignant, indicating FNAC's reliability in these instances. However, challenges were observed in accurately identifying follicular lesions, with some cases yielding false-positive results.
Conclusion: This study underscores FNAC's critical role in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders. With a significant prevalence of benign conditions and a notable proportion of malignant cases, accurate cytological evaluation is essential. The findings highlight the need for improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly in distinguishing between benign and malignant follicular lesions, to optimize patient management and reduce unnecessary surgical interventions.
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