Toxicity Assessment of Synthetic Polycyclic Musk: Survival, Oxidative Stress and Histopathology of Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v28i1.138Keywords:
Glaxolide, Labeo rohita, Acute toxicity, Chronic toxicity, Oxidative stress, Histopathological changesAbstract
Synthetic polycyclic musk compounds (PMCs) have been used in many industries as fragrance carriers to boost people's attractiveness found in all environmental compartments due to their uncontrolled use and high lipophilic nature, causing adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. The potential toxicity, bioaccumulation, and persistence of synthetic polycyclic musks have raised significant concerns regarding their impact on aquatic environments. The present research work investigated the toxicological responses of Labeo rohita induced by polycyclic musk compound glaxolide (HHCB). The acute toxicity evaluations regarding 96-h LC50 as well as lethal concentrations were determined as 547.86µg/L and 911.81µg/L respectively for experimental fish. After administration of sub-lethal doses of HHCB during 90 days chronic exposure, dose and time dependent oxidative stress regarding superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) along with the histopathological changes in various organs of fish were evaluated. HHCB induced significant (P<0.05) dose and time dependent oxidative stress in organs of fish examined during chronic exposure. SOD enzyme activity of exposed fish was increased up to 60 days and then decreased while CAT enzyme activity was increased up to 15 days and then decreased afterward, till the end of the trial (90 days). Significant (P<0.05) alterations in the histopathology of examined organs were noted and all organs experienced detrimental changes. Meanwhile, organ tissues from unexposed groups exhibited normal and intact tissue structures. In conclusion, HHCB have substantial toxic impacts on L. rohita and increase with prolonged exposure duration.
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