Effects of Myofascial Release and Traditional Physiotherapy Management on Pain Intensity and Functional Disability in Patients with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Background:
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the leading causes of disability and functional impairment globally. Myofascial release (MFR) and traditional physiotherapy techniques such as interferential therapy (IFT) and ultrasound therapy (US) are commonly incorporated into rehabilitation protocols. However, there is limited comparative evidence evaluating their effectiveness in reducing pain and disability among patients with nonspecific CLBP.

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the effects of MFR and traditional physiotherapy management (IFT + US) on pain intensity and functional disability in adults with nonspecific CLBP.

Methods:
A comparative, prospective study was conducted with 30 participants (aged 25–55) diagnosed with nonspecific CLBP, recruited from the Physiotherapy OPD at Galgotias University. Subjects were randomly allocated to Group A (MFR, n=15) or Group B (IFT + US, n=15). Each group received their respective interventions three times per week for four weeks. Outcomes were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional disability, assessed pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS v30 with paired and independent t-tests for intra- and intergroup comparisons.

Results:
Both groups demonstrated significant reductions in pain and disability post-intervention (p < 0.05). The MFR group showed a more rapid improvement in pain and functional scores, while traditional physiotherapy achieved better sustained outcomes at follow-up. The intergroup difference in post-treatment VAS and ODI scores was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Myofascial release provides effective short-term relief in pain and functional limitations for patients with nonspecific CLBP, whereas IFT and US therapy offer superior long-term effects. Integrating both approaches within rehabilitation may offer more comprehensive benefits to patients.