Effectiveness Of Lifestyle Interventions In Preventing Metabolic Syndrome In Primary Care: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v28i5.662Keywords:
Metabolic syndrome; lifestyle intervention; primary care; prevention; diet; physical activity; behavior change; systematic reviewAbstract
Background:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing global health challenge strongly associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Primary care plays a pivotal role in delivering preventive lifestyle interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.
Objective:
This systematic review aimed to synthesize contemporary evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions—focusing on diet, physical activity, and behavior change—delivered within primary care settings to prevent or reverse MetS in at-risk adults.
Methods:
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials, cluster-RCTs, community trials, or systematic reviews/meta-analyses published in English from 2000 to 2025. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed by independent reviewers.
Results:
Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria, comprising diverse populations and intervention formats. Findings consistently showed that structured lifestyle interventions reduced MetS incidence by 20–69% compared to usual care. Significant improvements were observed in weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, and dietary quality. Successful programs often used multi-component strategies, cultural tailoring, and group support.
Conclusion:
Lifestyle interventions delivered in primary care are effective, feasible, and cost-effective for preventing MetS. Embedding structured behavioral support and culturally adapted approaches can enhance implementation and sustainability.
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