Effect of Seasonal Variations on Fish Disease and Mortality in Freshwater Ecosystem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v28i2.688Keywords:
seasonal variation, diseases and mortality, source of proteinAbstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variations on fish disease, behavior, and mortality in semi-cold water condition. Our findings indicate that fish mortality increased with decreasing water temperature and decreased with rising temperature. In September, at 17°C, 10 % of the fish showed signs of infection, but there was 0% mortality, and the fish exhibited normal behavior. In October, at 15°C, 5% of fish became infected, with a 2% mortality rate. Most fish moved to the bottom of the pond, and bacterial infections were predominant. By December, the water temperature had dropped to 11°C. Infection rates rose to 15%, and mortality reached 4%. Fish behavior changed significantly and they moved slowly, remained near the bottom, and stopped feeding. Fungal infections were more prevalent than bacterial ones during this period. January showed the highest level of fungal infections (20%), with the lowest temperature (11°C). However, in February, although the temperature remained the same, mortality dropped to 2%, and fish began feeding again. In March, no infections were observed, fish behavior normalized, and feeding resumed, correlating with increasing water temperatures to 20°C. In conclusion, the study suggests that warm-water fish species are vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections during colder environment and need health management during intensive aquaculture.
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