Unraveling the Role of Luteolin from Avena Sativa in Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Key molecular mechanisms and its Neuroprotective Effects.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v28i5.697Keywords:
Neuroprotection, Luteolin, Avena sativa , Autophagy, Alzheimer's disease(AD)Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, marked by progressive neuronal dysfunction and loss, pose significant health challenges with glutamate accumulation contributing to neuronal cell death in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss and behavioral impairments that disrupt daily activities. It's the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60-70% of cases. Alzheimer's disease involves the degeneration of brain tissue, including loss of nerve cells and reduced responsiveness to neurotransmitters. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated protein contribute to neuronal degeneration. This study explores the neuroprotective potential of Avena sativa leaf extract and its major constituent, Luteolin, against glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Treatment with glutamate led to reduced cell viability, altered morphology, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in HT-22 cells. However, pre-treatment with Avena sativa extract and luteolin attenuated these effects, restoring mitochondrial function, decreasing mitochondrial superoxide, and preserving mitochondrial morphology. Notably, luteolin inhibited excessive mitophagy by reducing lysosomal activity. Furthermore, luteolin's neuroprotective effects were associated with the activation of mTORC1, which attenuated glutamate-induced autophagy-mediated cell death. These findings highlight the potential of A.sativa and Luteolin as neuroprotective agents, regulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics to inhibit glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. This study provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of Luteolin and A. sativa in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases.
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