Mode Of Action Of Akshi Tarpana – A Critical Review Based On Ayurvedic Principles

Abstract

Akshi Tarpana is one of the foremost Netra Kriyakalpa procedures described in classical Ayurvedic texts for maintaining ocular health and treating various Netra Rogas. The term Tarpana denotes nourishment and satisfaction of ocular tissues through the retention of medicated Sneha Dravyas (primarily Ghrita or Taila) over the eyes for a prescribed duration. Despite its wide clinical application, the precise mode of action of Akshi Tarpana has not been adequately elaborated in classical or modern literature.The present review critically analyses its mechanism of action on the basis of Ayurvedic principles of Dosha, Dhatu, Srotas, Guna, and Karma. According to Ayurveda, Akshi Tarpana primarily pacifies Vata and Pitta Doshas, which are chiefly responsible for ocular dryness, fatigue, and inflammation. The Sneha Dravyas used in the therapy possess Snigdha, Mridu, Sukshma, and Sara Gunas, which facilitate deep penetration, lubrication, and nourishment of the Drishti Mandala and Netra Srotas. The Rasayana and Chakshushya properties of the medicated Ghrita promote ocular rejuvenation and clarity of vision by enhancing Alochaka Pitta. The mild Swedana (sudation) effect produced during the procedure improves local circulation, removes Srotorodha, and enhances Drishti Poshana.Overall, Akshi Tarpana exerts a soothing, stabilizing, and rejuvenating effect on ocular physiology, corresponding to the Ayurvedic concepts of Indriya Prasadana and Netra Brimhana. Hence, it serves as a holistic ocular therapy that harmonizes Doshas, strengthens Dhatus, and maintains visual acuity. This review provides an integrative conceptual framework for understanding the pharmacodynamic basis of Akshi Tarpana as an ocular rejuvenative therapy.