Phytochemical And Pharmacological Activities Of Wood Apple: A Systemic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v28i5.759Keywords:
Wood apple, Feronia elephantum, Limonia acidissima, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, traditional medicine, bioactive compounds.Abstract
Background: Wood apple, botanically known as Feronia elephantum syn. Limonia acidissima, is a member of the Rutaceae family and has been valued in Ayurveda for its multifaceted medicinal properties. Traditionally used in managing various ailments, the plant is reported to be rich in significant pharmacological activities that include hypoglycaemic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, antimicrobial, and larvicidal effects, among others. The observed therapeutic benefits of this plant are attributed to bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, lignans, and terpenoids. Despite its extensive use in traditional medicine, its phytochemical and pharmacological profile needs consolidation through a systematic review.
Objectives: The present review aims at compiling and analysing the existing scientific literature on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of Wood apple, providing full insight into its medicinal potential.
Methods: This study presents a critical review of the literature about Wood apple, conducted in major databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2010 and 2024. The search was conducted by using keywords such as Wood apple, Feronia elephantum, Limonia acidissima, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities associated with Boolean operators (AND/OR). Based on a structured selection process, only studies that described the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Wood apple were included.
Results: A review of literature revealed the presence of bioactive principles, which are responsible for its therapeutic use. Experimental studies indicated that Wood apple possesses antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, Anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Besides, preclinical studies have pointed out its potential role in fighting against oxidative stress and metabolic disorders.
Conclusion: Wood apple (syn. F. elephantum, L. acidissima) is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals like flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, essential oils, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. These are the constituents responsible for the wide pharmacological activities of this plant and, therefore, represent an important plant within traditional and modern medicine. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of F. limonia in drug development and nutritional applications.
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