Community-Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation: Examining the Effectiveness of Holistic Recovery Models

Authors

  • Dr. Asif Hasan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69980/ajpr.v27i2.98

Keywords:

Community-Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Holistic Recovery Models, Mental Health, Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Patient-Centered Care

Abstract

Community-based psychiatric rehabilitation now serves as a key method to help mental health patients recover through complete care instead of basic psychiatric treatment. The traditional symptom management through medication and emergency hospitalization fails to achieve long-term wellness so community-based psychiatric rehabilitation implements multiple professional intervention models to develop enduring wellness. This research evaluates how complete recovery methods help patients in psychiatric rehabilitation by studying psychosocial rehabilitation and peer support with community participation. Research indicators show that patients achieve better outcomes when their treatment includes employment-related services together with secure housing and therapeutic interventions like mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and art therapy because these factors enhance patient independence and decrease the chance of falling back into illness. Peer support groups help people regain their power and fight stigma which makes it easier for them to return to society. Evidence-based strategies together with standardized frameworks should be implemented into community mental health services to achieve consistent and effective operations. Future research needs to test new digital rehabilitation tools and team-based healthcare teams to make community-based psychiatric rehabilitation work better. Patient-centered and strength-based methods of community-based psychiatric rehabilitation create fundamental changes to mental health care while maintaining sustainable patient recovery and enhancing their quality of life.

Author Biography

Dr. Asif Hasan

*Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9433-3364, 

References

[1] “Mental disorders.” Accessed: Feb. 27, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

[2] “Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal,” https://www.apa.org. Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/prj

[3] S. N. Mousavizadeh and M. A. Jandaghian Bidgoli, “Recovery-Oriented Practices in Community-based Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review,” Iran. J. Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 332–351, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.18502/ijps.v18i3.13013.

[4] S. Attepe Özden, S. Bekiroglu, and A. H. Soygur, “Peer support in mental health services: Familiar and brand new,” J. Clin. Psychiatry, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 169–176, 2024, doi: 10.5505/kpd.2024.78972.

[5] V. Mitikhin, G. ?. Tiumenkova, T. Solokhina, and L. Alieva, “Evaluation of the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment of patients with schizophrenia at different stages of its rendering,” Eur. Psychiatry, vol. 66, no. Suppl 1, pp. S1033–S1034, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2193.

[6] T. Aubry, G. Nelson, and S. Tsemberis, “Housing First for People With Severe Mental Illness Who Are Homeless: A Review of the Research and Findings From the At Home–Chez soi Demonstration Project,” Can. J. Psychiatry Rev. Can. Psychiatr., vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 467–474, Nov. 2015.

[7] “Digital mental health interventions for the mental health care of refugees and asylum seekers: Integrative literature review - Mabil‐Atem - 2024 - International Journal of Mental Health Nursing - Wiley Online Library.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/inm.13283

[8] “Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031029

[9] X. Shu, Y. Dai, J. Tang, Y. Huang, R. Hu, and Y. Lin, “Cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis,” Front. Psychiatry, vol. 15, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1509539.

[10] “(PDF) Social skills training in psychiatric rehabilitation: Recent findings,” ResearchGate, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1080/09540269875023.

[11] R. A. H. Shalaby and V. I. O. Agyapong, “Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review,” JMIR Ment. Health, vol. 7, no. 6, p. e15572, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.2196/15572.

[12] “(PDF) An overview of the clubhouse model of psychiatric rehabilitation,” ResearchGate, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.1177/1039856213492235.

[13] “(PDF) Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” ResearchGate, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.011.

[14] C. E. Levy, J. M. Uomoto, D. J. Betts, and H. Hoenig, “Creative Arts Therapies in Rehabilitation,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 153–157, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.07.008.

[15] L. G. Sylvia et al., “An adjunct exercise program for serious mental illness: who chooses to participate and is it feasible?,” Community Ment. Health J., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 213–219, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1007/s10597-012-9555-5.

[16] K. D. Gu, K. C. Faulkner, and A. N. Thorndike, “Housing instability and cardiometabolic health in the United States: a narrative review of the literature,” BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 931, May 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15875-6.

[17] S. Loubière et al., “Housing First for homeless people with severe mental illness: extended 4-year follow-up and analysis of recovery and housing stability from the randomized Un Chez Soi d’Abord trial,” Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci., vol. 31, p. e14, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1017/S2045796022000026.

[18] “Experiences of the individual placement and support approach in persons with severe mental illness | Request PDF,” ResearchGate, Oct. 2024, Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230571736_Experiences_of_the_individual_placement_and_support_approach_in_persons_with_severe_mental_illness

[19] E. Patmisari, Y. Huang, M. Orr, S. Govindasamy, E. Hielscher, and H. McLaren, “Supported employment interventions with people who have severe mental illness: Systematic mixed-methods umbrella review,” PLOS ONE, vol. 19, no. 6, p. e0304527, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304527.

[20] C. L. Hall, A. D. Gómez Bergin, and S. Rennick-Egglestone, “Research Into Digital Health Intervention for Mental Health: 25-Year Retrospective on the Ethical and Legal Challenges,” J. Med. Internet Res., vol. 26, p. e58939, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.2196/58939.

[21] “World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338

[22] S. Saha et al., “Psychosocial rehabilitation of people living with mental illness: Lessons learned from community-based psychiatric rehabilitation centres in Gujarat,” J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 892–897, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_991_19.

[23] “Cognitive Processing Therapy Diagram What Is Cognitive Proce,” Manual and Guide Full List. Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://seebootpzuschematic.z14.web.core.windows.net/cognitive-processing-therapy-diagram.html

[24] P. Aruldass, T. S. Sekar, S. Saravanan, R. Samuel, and K. S. Jacob, “Effectiveness of Social Skills Training Groups in Persons with Severe Mental Illness: A Pre-Post Intervention Study,” Indian J. Psychol. Med., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 114–119, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1177/02537176211024146.

[25] J.-F. Pelletier et al., “Online and Recovery-Oriented Support Groups Facilitated by Peer Support Workers in Times of COVID-19: Protocol for a Feasibility Pre-Post Study,” JMIR Res. Protoc., vol. 9, no. 12, p. e22500, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.2196/22500.

[26] “(PDF) Interventions through Art Therapy and Music Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Language Disorders, and Learning Disabilities in Pediatric-Aged Children: A Systematic Review,” ResearchGate, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/children11060706.

[27] Å. Anger et al., “Introducing Braining—physical exercise as adjunctive therapy in psychiatric care: a retrospective cohort study of a new method,” BMC Psychiatry, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 566, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05053-8.

[28] D. K. Padgett, “Homelessness, housing instability and mental health: making the connections,” BJPsych Bull., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 197–201, doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.49.

[29] “Housing first: ending homelessness and transforming lives | Request PDF,” ResearchGate, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.179.

[30] D. Smit, C. Miguel, J. N. Vrijsen, B. Groeneweg, J. Spijker, and P. Cuijpers, “The effectiveness of peer support for individuals with mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis,” Psychol. Med., vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 5332–5341, doi: 10.1017/S0033291722002422.

[31] D. Kendrick et al., “Early vocational rehabilitation and psychological support for trauma patients to improve return to work (the ROWTATE trial): study protocol for an individually randomised controlled multicentre pragmatic trial,” Trials, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 439, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08183-w.

[32] M. Drüge, L. Guthardt, E. Haller, J. Michalak, and J. Apolinário-Hagen, “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depressive Disorders: Enhancing Access and Tailoring Interventions in Diverse Settings,” Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., vol. 1456, pp. 199–226, 2024, doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-4402-2_11.

[33] “What Is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)?” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.simplypsychology.org/mindfulness-based-cognitive-therapy.html

[34] “(PDF) The role of expressive therapies in therapeutic interactions; art therapy - explanation of the concept,” ResearchGate, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.15547/tjs.2016.03.001.

[35] R. A. H. Adan et al., “Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat,” Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1321–1332, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011.

[36] L. Mandolesi et al., “Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing: Biological and Psychological Benefits,” Front. Psychol., vol. 9, p. 509, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509.

[37] “21 Quick Mindfulness Exercises (Less Than One Minute Each).” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://mindfulnessbox.com/one-minute-mindfulness-exercises/

[38] “Rehabilitation.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation

[39] “Community Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Social Equity | Focus.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.focus.18102

[40] “(PDF) Assertive Community Treatment for People with Severe Mental Illness,” ResearchGate, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.2165/00115677-200109030-00003.

[41] D. Poremski et al., “The impact of peer support work on the mental health of peer support specialists,” Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., vol. 16, p. 51, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1186/s13033-022-00561-8.

[42] “Frontiers | Rehabilitation Interventions to Promote Recovery from Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00100/full

[43] J. B. Kirkbride et al., “The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations,” World Psychiatry, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 58–90, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1002/wps.21160.

[44] C. Harvey et al., “Community-based models of care facilitating the recovery of people living with persistent and complex mental health needs: a systematic review and narrative synthesis,” Front. Psychiatry, vol. 14, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259944.

[45] “Individual Placement and Support (IPS) - A Supported Employment Model | SAMHSA Publications and Digital Products.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://library.samhsa.gov/product/individual-placement-and-support-ips-supported-employment-model/pep25-01-002

[46] M. S. Salzer, “Building on Recovery: Embracing Community Inclusion in Mental Health Policies and Services,” Community Ment. Health J., vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1571–1578, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10597-024-01309-z.

[47] S. Parker, U. Arnautovska, N. Korman, M. Harris, and F. Dark, “Comparative Effectiveness of Integrated Peer Support and Clinical Staffing Models for Community-Based Residential Mental Health Rehabilitation: A Prospective Observational Study,” Community Ment. Health J., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 459–470, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10597-022-01023-8.

[48] R. Ding et al., “Community-based rehabilitation interventions on quality of care for people with schizophrenia in China (CRISC): study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial,” BMC Psychiatry, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 339, May 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04774-0.

[49] A.-M. Butura et al., “Community-based rehabilitation for people with psychosocial disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the grey literature,” Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., vol. 18, no. 1, p. 13, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s13033-024-00630-0.

[50] A. Vignapiano et al., “Digital Interventions for the Rehabilitation of First-Episode Psychosis: An Integrated Perspective,” Brain Sci., vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 1, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.3390/brainsci15010080.

[51] “JMIR Mental Health - Digital Health Interventions for Delivery of Mental Health Care: Systematic and Comprehensive Meta-Review.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://mental.jmir.org/2022/5/e35159

[52] V. Reed, “AI For Mental Health: Chatbots And Digital Therapists On The Rise.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aicompetence.org/ai-for-mental-health-chatbots-digital-therapists/

[53] “Figure 2. Interdisciplinary care model for physical and psychosocial...,” ResearchGate. Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/nterdisciplinary-care-model-for-physical-and-psychosocial-adjustment-and-normalisation_fig1_347442362

[54] H. Yao et al., “Non-governmental organizations’ perceptions of challenges and opportunities for participating in the provision of government-purchased community-based psychiatric rehabilitation services in Shanghai, China: a qualitative study,” BMC Health Serv. Res., vol. 25, no. 1, p. 3, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-12125-2.

[55] L. Battersby and M. Morrow, “Challenges in Implementing Recovery-Based Mental Health Care Practices in Psychiatric Tertiary Care,” Can. J. Commun. Ment. Health, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 103–117, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.7870/cjcmh-2012-0016.

[56] R. E. Drake, “The future of psychiatric rehabilitation,” Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 209–210, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000913.

[57] “An Integrated Recovery-oriented Model (IRM) for mental health services: evolution and challenges | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text.” Accessed: Feb. 28, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-016-1164-3?utm_source=chatgpt.com

[58] I. Treger, A. Kosto, D. Vadas, A. Friedman, L. Lutsky, and L. Kalichman, “Crafting the Future of Community-Based Medical Rehabilitation: Exploring Optimal Models for Non-Inpatient Rehabilitation Services through a Narrative Review,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol. 21, no. 10, Art. no. 10, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/ijerph21101332.

[59] U. Gühne, S. Weinmann, K. Arnold, T. Becker, and S. Riedel-Heller, “[Social skills training in severe mental illness],” Psychiatr. Prax., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. e1–e17, May 2014, doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1359873.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-24